Resultados en el tratamiento de traumatismos esplénicos utilizando un protocolo multidisciplinar en 110 pacientes consecutivos en un hospital de nivel II / Management of Splenic Injuries Utilizing a Multidisciplinary Protocol in 110 Consecutive Patients at a Level II Hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento no operatorio (TNO) de los traumatismos esplénicos es el manejo de elección en pacientes estables hemodinámicamente. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la tasa de fracaso del TNO tras la implantación de un protocolo multidisciplinar para las lesiones esplénicas y comparar los resultados con la literatura. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, de 16 años de duración. Se registró el manejo de estas lesiones según nuestro protocolo hospitalario, datos demográficos, presión arterial, frecuencia respiratoria, Escala de Coma de Glasgow, Revised Trauma Score, Injury Severy Score, gradación de las lesiones según la American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, fracaso del TNO, morbimortalidad. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a 110 pacientes: 90 (81,8%) varones (81,8%), 20 (18,2%) mujeres; edad media de 37 años; 106 (96,5%) casos fueron contusos y 4 (3,5%) penetrantes por arma blanca. El diagnóstico se estableció mediante ECO/TAC. La clasificación de la American Association for the Surgery of Trauma fue: 14 (13%) pacientes fueron grado I; 24 (22%) grado II; 34 (31%) grado III; 37 (34%) grado IV. Se realizó laparotomía de urgencia en 54 pacientes: 37 por lesiones grado IV y en 17 por inestabilidad hemodinámica. En 56 pacientes se instauró TNO, cirugía conservadora en 16 y esplenectomía en 38. Diez pacientes presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias: 7 en el grupo de esplenectomía, 2 en el grupo de cirugía conservadora y uno en el de TNO (que requirió intervención por fracaso en TNO). La mortalidad fue de un paciente. Estancia media: 22,8 días; TNO 17,6 días; cirugía conservadora 29; esplenectomía 22,4 días. CONCLUSIONES: Si bien continuamos con una estancia hospitalaria elevada, nuestros resultados son comparables a los de la literatura. La implantación consensuada del protocolo contribuyó al cambio hacia TNO

INTRODUCTION: Non-operative treatment (NOM) of splenic trauma is the management of choice in hemodynamically stable patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the failure rate of NOM after implementation of a multidisciplinary protocol for splenic injuries compared to literature results. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed over a 16-year period. Patient data and management of splenic trauma was recorded according to our hospital protocol: demographic data, blood pressure, respiratory rate, Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS), Revised Trauma Score(RTS), Injury Severity Score(ISS), injury grade according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma(AAST), failure of NOM, morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: One hundred ten patients were included: 90(81.8%) men, 20 (18.2%) women; mean age 37 years; 106(96.5%) cases were blunt and four(3.5%) penetrating by knife. The diagnosis was established by US/CT. AAST classification: 14(13%) grade I; 24 (22%) grade II; 34 (31%) grade III; 37(34%) grade IV. Emergency laparotomy was performed in 54 patients: 37 due to grade IV injuries, 17 due to hemodynamic instability. NOM was utilized in 56 patients, spleen-preserving surgery in 16, and splenectomy in 38. Ten patients had postoperative complications: seven in the splenectomy group, two in the spleen-preserving surgery group, and one in the NOM group. One patient died. Average hospital stay: 22.8 days- NOM 17.6 days, conservative surgery 29 days, splenectomy 22.4 days. CONCLUSIONS: Although we continue with a high hospital stay, the literature reports support our results. The implementation of the protocol by consensus contributed to the change towards NOM

Association of Urinary Levels of Bisphenols A, F, and S with Endometriosis Risk: Preliminary Results of the EndEA Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore associations of urinary concentrations of bisphenols A (BPA), S (BPS), and F (BPF) and of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with the risk of endometriosis in women of childbearing age. Methods: This case-control study enrolled 124 women between January 2018 and July 2019: 35 women with endometriosis (cases) and 89 women without endometriosis undergoing abdominal surgery for other reasons (controls). Endometriosis was diagnosed (cases) or ruled out (controls) by laparoscopic inspection of the pelvis and the biopsy of suspected lesions (histological diagnosis). Fasting urine samples were collected before surgery to determine concentrations of BPA, BPS, BPF, and TBARS. Associations of bisphenol and TBARS concentrations with endometriosis risk were explored with multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses. Results: After adjustment for urinary creatinine, age, BMI, parity, and residence, endometriosis risk was increased with each 1 log unit of BPA [OR 1.5; 95%CI 1.0-2.3] and Σbisphenols [OR 1.5; 95%CI 0.9-2.3] but was not associated with the presence of BPS and BPF. Classification of the women by tertiles of exposure revealed statistically significant associations between endometriosis risk and the second tertile of exposure to BPA [OR 3.7; 95%CI 1.3-10.3] and Σbisphenols [OR 5.4; 95%CI 1.9-15.6]. In addition, TBARS concentrations showed a close-to-significant relationship with increased endometriosis risk [OR 1.6; 95%CI 1.0-2.8], and classification by TBARS concentration tertile revealed that the association between endometriosis risk and concentrations of BPA [OR 2.0; 95%CI 1.0-4.1] and Σbisphenols [OR 2.2; 95%CI 1.0-4.6] was only statistically significant for women in the highest TBARS tertile (>4.23 µM). Conclusion: Exposure to bisphenols may increase the risk of endometriosis, and oxidative stress may play a crucial role in this association. Further studies are warranted to verify these findings.

Management of Splenic Injuries Utilizing a Multidisciplinary Protocol in 110 Consecutive Patients at a Level II Hospital. / Resultados en el tratamiento de traumatismos esplénicos utilizando un protocolo multidisciplinar en 110 pacientes consecutivos en un hospital de nivel II.

INTRODUCTION: Non-operative treatment (NOM) of splenic trauma is the management of choice in hemodynamically stable patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the failure rate of NOM after implementation of a multidisciplinary protocol for splenic injuries compared to literature results. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed over a 16-year period. Patient data and management of splenic trauma was recorded according to our hospital protocol: demographic data, blood pressure, respiratory rate, Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS), Revised Trauma Score(RTS), Injury Severity Score(ISS), injury grade according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma(AAST), failure of NOM, morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: One hundred ten patients were included: 90(81.8%) men, 20(18.2%) women; mean age 37 years; 106(96.5%) cases were blunt and four(3.5%) penetrating by knife. The diagnosis was established by US/CT. AAST classification: 14(13%) grade I; 24(22%) grade II; 34(31%) grade III; 37(34%) grade IV. Emergency laparotomy was performed in 54 patients: 37 due to grade IV injuries, 17 due to hemodynamic instability. NOM was utilized in 56 patients, spleen-preserving surgery in 16, and splenectomy in 38. Ten patients had postoperative complications: seven in the splenectomy group, two in the spleen-preserving surgery group, and one in the NOM group. One patient died. Average hospital stay: 22.8 days- NOM 17.6 days, conservative surgery 29 days, splenectomy 22.4 days. CONCLUSIONS: Although we continue with a high hospital stay, the literature reports support our results. The implementation of the protocol by consensus contributed to the change towards NOM.

Dilatación quística de la vía biliar Todani Ic / Todani Ic cystic dilatation of the bile duct

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Todani Ic cystic dilatation of the bile duct.

The congenital dilation of the bile duct is an infrequent pathology in western countries and is associated with the female sex. It is usually diagnosed clinically with complementary tests and evaluated at an early age and also appears frequently in adults. These dilatations are grouped into five types according to Todani's classification, including type Ic (Figure 1). The treatment of choice for dilatations of the biliary duct Todani type I is the complete excision of the biliary tract due to the susceptibility of malignant degeneration. A reconstruction is performed via a hepaticojejunostomy with a Roux-en-Y loop. Although in non-malignant cases, a papillotomy with prophylactic stent placement using ERCP can be performed as an alternative. We present the case of a 54-year-old female with a history of high blood pressure, she was examined due to generalized abdominal pain which was unrelated to food intake. The blood test did not identify any alterations of interest. Ultrasound identified a fusiform dilation of the common bile duct occupied by lithiasis. ERCP was attempted due to choledocholithiasis, but the procedure was abandoned as it was not feasible to channel the duodenal papilla. The study was completed with NMR cholangiography (transverse plane [Figure 2] and coronal plane [Figure 3]), identifying a diffuse fusiform dilatation of the common bile duct and common hepatic duct, compatible with congenital cystic lesion Todani type Ic. Finally, the patient underwent a hepaticojejunostomy after sectioning of the main bile duct and extraction of choledocholithiasis.

Duodenectomía parcial como opción terapéutica de un tumor del estroma gastrointestinal duodenal múltiple, asociado a neurofibromatosis tipo 1 / Partial duodenectomy as a therapeutic option in multiple duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumour associated with neurofibromatosis type 1

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Colecistitis aguda por Listeria monocytogenes en paciente inmunocompetente / Listeria monocytogenes cholecystitis in an immunocompetent patient

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Tumor desmoplásico de células redondas pequeñas peritoneal. Una entidad infrecuente con un mal pronóstico / Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor of the peritoneum: An uncommon entity with poor prognosis

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[Acute abdomen due to complicated intramural duodenal haematoma. Report of a case and review of the literature]. / Abdomen agudo por hematoma duodenal intramural complicado. Presentación de un caso y revisión en la literatura.

BACKGROUND: Intramural duodenal haematoma is a rare entity that usually occurs in the context of patients with coagulation disorders. A minimum percentage is related to processes such as pancreatitis and pancreatic tumours. CLINICAL CASE: The case is presented of a 45 year-old male with a history of chronic pancreatitis secondary to alcoholism. He was seen in the emergency room due to abdominal pain, accompanied by toxic syndrome. The abdominal computed tomography reported increased concentric duodenal wall thickness, in the second and third portion. After oesophageal-gastro-duodenoscopy, he presented with haemorrhagic shock. He had emergency surgery, finding a hemoperitoneum, duodenopancreatic tumour with intense inflammatory component, as well a small bowel perforation of third duodenal portion. A cephalic duodenopancreatectomy was performed with pyloric preservation and reconstruction with Roux-Y. DISCUSSION: Treatment of a duodenal haematoma is nasogastric decompression, blood transfusion and correction of coagulation abnormalities. Surgery is indicated in the cases in which there is no improvement after 2 weeks of treatment, or there is suspicion of malignancy or major complications arise. CONCLUSIONS: Duodenal intramural haematoma secondary to chronic pancreatitis is rare, although the diagnosis should be made with imaging and, if suspected, start conservative treatment and surgery only in complicated cases.

Metástasis hepáticas de origen colorrectal sincrónicas: ¿intervención simultánea o secuencial? / Simultaneous or sequential treatment of liver metastases of colon cancer?: experience in 76 patients

Background: Synchronous liver metastases of colon cancer can be managed with sequential or simultaneous surgical management of the primary tumor and the metastases. Aim: To compare the evolution of patients whose liver metastases were treated sequentially or simultaneously. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 76 patients aged 63 +/- 11 years (67 percent males). In 25, metastases were managed simultaneously and in 51 there were treated sequentially after a period of chemotherapy. All interventions were performed by the same surgeon. Results: Patients treated sequentially had a higher number of metastases andmore lymph nodes involved than their counterparts treated simultaneously. The overall resectability index was 78 percent. Eighteen major and 28 minor hepatic resections were carried out. Significantly more major resections were carried out in the sequential treatment group. Mean hospital stay was 11 days and 20 percent of patients had complications, with no differences between groups. Survival at one, three and five years was 75, 45 and 36 percent in the simultaneous treatment and 76, 49 and 29 percent in the sequential treatment group (with no significant differences between groups). Conclusions: In this group of patients no differences in complications or survival were observed when liver metastases were treated simultaneously or sequentially. However groups were not homogeneous.

Introducción: Existen distintas estrategias para el tratamiento de las metástasis hepáticas de origen colorrectal sincrónicas (MHCRS): cirugía secuencial, según respuesta a quimioterapia, intervención simultá-nea del tumor y las metástasis o cirugía hepática previa al tumor primario; el uso de una u otra estrategia es aún controvertido. Objetivo: Comparar la morbimortalidad y supervivencia en dos grupos de pacientes con MHCRS intervenidos de forma simultánea versus secuencial. Pacientes y Métodos: Definimos las MHCRS como aquellas que se diagnostican antes o durante la intervención del tumor primario. Se comparan dos grupos de pacientes con MHCRS, 25 sometidos a intervención simultánea (grupo 1) y 51 tras quimioterapia (intervención secuencial: grupo 2). La cirugía hepática la realizó el mismo cirujano. Revisamos datos del paciente, del tumor primario, intervención quirúrgica, transfusión perioperatoria, morbimortalidad y supervivencia. Resultados: 76 pacientes, con edad media de 62,79 +/- 11,3 años. El número de metástasis y la invasión ganglionar del tumor primario fueron mayores en el grupo 2 de forma estadísticamente significativa. Índice de resecabilidad: 77,6 por ciento: 18 resecciones hepáticas mayores y 28 menores, con diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos (p = 0,05). La estancia media (10,89 días), Índice de morbilidad (19,7 por ciento) y supervivencia actuarial a 1,3 y 5 años fueron similares (75 por ciento, 45 por ciento y 36 por ciento en el grupo 1 y de 76 por ciento, 49 por ciento y 29 por ciento en el grupo 2). Mortalidad: 1,6 por ciento. Conclusiones: Las MHCRS pueden ser intervenidas de forma simultánea al tumor primario en pacientes seleccionados siempre que el equipo sea especializado. La morbimortalidad y la supervivencia son similares tanto en la intervención simultánea como en la secuencial.

Tratamiento conservador de la perforación duodenal tras realización de colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica terapéutica / Conservative treatment of duodenal perforation after therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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Pancreatitis del surco en el diagnóstico diferencial del adenocarcinoma de páncreas / Groove pancreatitis in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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Reconstrucción del conducto biliar mediante tubos tridimensionales de colágeno / Bile duct reconstruction using 3-dimensional collagen tubes

Introducción En la actualidad el tratamiento de la vía biliar extrahepática afectada por cáncer, estenosis, lesiones iatrogénicas y otras patologías consiste en la resección de las mismas, y una anastomosis en los casos más graves de la placa hiliar biliar al intestino delgado. Material y métodos Nuestro grupo ha desarrollado un tubo tridimensional de colágeno y agarosa para reparar la vía biliar. Se emplearon 40 animales de experimentación, que fueron estudiados fisiológica e histológicamente a las 4 semanas, 3 y 6 meses. Conclusiones Nuestras prótesis mostraron gran histocompatibilidad y mantenían una normofisiología que hace pensar en las posibles aplicaciones clínicas que podrían tener en un futuro (AU)

Introduction In recent years, with widespread laparoscopic cholecystectomy and liver transplantation, complications involving the biliary system are increasing. All current techniques have a high risk of recurrence or high-morbidity. Material and methods A 3-dimensional collagen bile duct modified with agarose hydrogel was developed to substitute the affected extrahepatic bile duct. It was used in 40 guinea pigs and the histology and physiology was studied at 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months after transplantation. Conclusions The graft shows to have a high potential in applications to treat hepatobiliary diseases which require surgery (AU)

[Bile duct reconstruction using 3-dimensional collagen tubes]. / Reconstrucción del conducto biliar mediante tubos tridimensionales de colágeno.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, with widespread laparoscopic cholecystectomy and liver transplantation, complications involving the biliary system are increasing. All current techniques have a high risk of recurrence or high-morbidity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 3-dimensional collagen bile duct modified with agarose hydrogel was developed to substitute the affected extrahepatic bile duct. It was used in 40 guinea pigs and the histology and physiology was studied at 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: The graft shows to have a high potential in applications to treat hepatobiliary diseases which require surgery.